What is TES? TES stands for thermal energy storage. TES is necessary when there’s an excess of heat available at one point in time that can be utilized later. In such cases, the heat is stored temporarily. There are various options available, including short- and long-term storage, small- and large-scale solutions, and above-ground or underground storage.

Common large-scale thermal energy storage techniques include Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) and its variant that stores high temperatures up to 100°C (HT-ATES). Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) is well-known in many countries, often referred to as GSHP (Ground Source Heat Pump). Additionally, heat can be stored in old mines (MTES), large buffer tanks (TTES), or an open pit (PTES).